Field epidemiology training · One Health

Spillover at the Forest Edge

A facilitated team simulation of a zoonotic outbreak. Four teams each hold one sector, and because every team is given only its own sector's information, none of them can contain the outbreak without the other three.

🧑‍⚕️ Public Health 🐖 Animal Health 🥩 Food Safety 🌳 Environment
Format
Facilitated
Duration
2 to 3 hours
Teams
Four per room
Rounds
Six
Runs on
Any browser
Essential question

When no sector can see the whole picture or act alone, what does it take to work as one, and what gets in the way?

The session is about multisector collaboration under pressure: where it creates opportunities, where it generates friction, and what it costs to hold together. The outbreak is the setting in which participants meet those problems. The scenario itself is not the subject being taught.

How the session runs

Each team works from its own screen, and the facilitator projects the board that the whole room can see.

What each team can see
Filled blocks are the information a team holds. Grey blocks are held by another sector.
🧑‍⚕️ Public Health Public Health holds this Public Health holds this 🐖 Animal Health Animal Health holds this Animal Health holds this 🥩 Food Safety Food Safety holds this Food Safety holds this 🌳 Environment Environment holds this Environment holds this 🛰️ The room together
A team is never shown another sector's blocks. Anything the rest of the room has established has to be passed across deliberately, and passing it costs time the team could have spent acting.

Each team sees only its own sector

A team is shown its own signals, its own resources and the decisions open to it. It is not shown the other three screens, so anything the rest of the room has established has to reach it some other way.

The cause is unknown at the start

The room opens with scattered signals arriving from four directions and no diagnosis. Working out what is actually happening is the first task, and the design does not allow it to be skipped.

Six rounds against a clock

In each round the four teams investigate, decide and commit resources. The facilitator then resolves the round, and the room sees what its combined decisions did to the outbreak.

One outcome, shared by everyone

The outbreak, public trust and the economy belong to the whole room, and no team has a score of its own. A shortcut taken by one sector produces a problem the other three have to manage.

Constraints built into the simulation

Four constraints require participants to exercise judgement rather than work through a list of available options.

Measures work only as well as the room's knowledge

A control measure taken before the source is understood delivers a fraction of its effect. Spending more does not compensate for having skipped the investigation, so the room has to establish what it is dealing with before its response counts for much.

Severity, trust and livelihoods are tracked separately

The outbreak, public trust and the economy each carry their own measure. Containment achieved through coercion registers as lost trust and lost income, and low trust then reduces compliance with every measure that follows.

Budget and field teams both run out

Each sector holds one budget for the whole outbreak, a small number of field teams that reset each round, and a share of a single national laboratory. Money spent early is money unavailable at the peak.

Every option costs something

Each sector faces one forced decision per round in which both courses of action carry a real cost. Declining to decide carries a cost as well, so a team cannot avoid the trade-off by waiting it out.

How much of a control measure actually lands
Proportion of a measure's effect delivered, by what the room has established about the outbreak.
25%50% 75%100% Nothing established Syndrome identified Outbreak verified Source hypothesis Source confirmed Nothing established: 30% of a measure's effect Syndrome identified: 45% Outbreak verified: 60% Source hypothesis: 85% Source confirmed: 100% 30%45% 60%85% 100%
A room that acts before it has established the source is working at roughly a third of the effect its measures would otherwise have. Confirming the source takes inputs from more than one sector, so full effectiveness cannot be reached by any team working alone.

The four decision layers

What each team is reasoning about, round to round.

  1. Investigation under uncertainty

    Deciding what to find out, in what order, and when the evidence is strong enough to justify acting on it. Some of the leads presented are sound and some are not, and the teams have to judge which is which.

  2. Finite capacity and a shared laboratory

    Allocating a limited number of field teams each round, and competing with the other three sectors for laboratory confirmation that only one sector can have at a time.

  3. Intensity and targeting

    Deciding not only whether to act but how hard and how widely, in situations where the proportionate response and the decisive one point in different directions.

  4. Coordination across sectors

    Deciding what to share and when, and whether to commit scarce capacity to joint work that pays off only if the other sectors commit to it as well.

The shape of the six rounds

Pressure is not constant. It builds to a peak in the middle rounds, then eases.

Outbreak pressure against what a well-run room can deliver
Both lines are on the same scale, in the units the simulation uses to move outbreak severity.
Pressure the round brings What a well-run room removes
6045 30150 R1R2R3 R4R5R6 Round 1 pressure: 26 Round 2 pressure: 41 Round 3 pressure: 53 Round 4 pressure: 55 Round 5 pressure: 29 Round 6 pressure: 14 Round 1 removed: 14 Round 2 removed: 39 Round 3 removed: 46 Round 4 removed: 48 Round 5 removed: 49 Round 6 removed: 34 peak
Through the first four rounds the outbreak brings more pressure than even a fully funded and fully informed response can remove, and the gap is widest at the round-four peak, so the best the room can do there is hold the line. Ground is won back in the last two rounds. The pacing is deliberate: it puts the hardest trade-offs in the middle of the session, where there is still time to discuss them.

Learning objectives

The frameworks are named in the debrief, once participants have already made the decisions those frameworks describe.

Grounding

The frameworks are built into how the simulation behaves, rather than presented as content to be read.

One Health framework

The design follows the prevention, preparedness and response functions, the distinction between spillover and spread, indicator-based and event-based surveillance, and the published economics of prevention compared with response.

A documented outbreak

The scenario's parameters, clinical course and control measures follow the published record of a real zoonotic outbreak. The pathogen is not named to participants until the debrief.

Teaching comes after play

Participants play first. The frameworks are then named in the debrief against decisions they have already made and can remember making.

What participants are not told in advance

Participants are not given the opening signals, the investigations or control measures open to each sector, the dilemmas they will face, or how any of it resolves. They are asked not to look the scenario up, because the session depends on their meeting the outbreak without already knowing what it is.

Facilitator materials contain the full answer key, the resolution logic and the debrief script.

Materials provided

For the facilitator

A run guide written to be used live, setting out what to do, what to say and what to watch for in each block, with per-round guidance, contingencies, a full debrief script and an answer key. A separate dry-run script is provided for rehearsal.

For participants

A brief covering how a round works, and one role card per sector, issued only to the team holding that sector. The brief has been checked to make sure it gives nothing away.

For teaching

A concepts deck for facilitator grounding or participant pre-reading, a plain-language knowledge guide written to bridge from clinical and infectious disease practice, and a session deck for use in the room.

Evidence pack

The sourced basis for the scenario's figures, clinical detail and control measures, with references, for facilitators who want to check the working.

Running it